Can I used a nailer to attach wood planks to cinder block wall?

Yes.. my husband added baseboard in bathroom in basement

No way! Nails will not penetrate the cinder blocks. Best way to attach them would be to use construction adhesive. Use some painters tape to hold them on the block till the glue dries.

I doubt a regular nail gun would but you can use the powder actuated nailer that you can rent for the day. Check with manufacturer on your nailer if they have a specialty nail.

Here are options to fasten.... https://www.familyhandyman.com/masonry/pouring-concrete/how-to-choose-and-use-concrete-fasteners/view-all/

old school.... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87DNQfFdIbA

You would have to use a powder actuated nailer if you want to use nails. Depending on the purpose of these planks if they are for structural support and depending on the load they will be carrying you would be better off using tapcons (concrete screws ) for a light load. If it it is for a heavier load then use an expansion bolt or just a good old fashioned lag bolt and shield .

If however you are looking for a smooth finish for purely decorative purposes then I suggest you use a quality construction adhesive such as PL Premium .Apply the adhesive to both surfaces leaving @ 1/2 inch from the edges and then when you initially apply the board to the wall apply it within that 1/2 inch and work it around while applying pressure as you slide it into its final position. This will ensure a good spread of the adhesive and good adhesion. If you can place some extra boards or pieces of plywood against them in the opposite direction and brace them applying some pressure for at least 12 hrs then this will strengthen the bond and you will probably have to demolish the wall if you ever wanted to remove them . Just make sure there is no adhesive showing on the outside of the boards your gluing on before bracing or whatever you use for bracing will become stuck as well .

nope, need a special drill bit for masonry and the plastic inserts into the blocks that will receive the screws

I think you'll need the kind of 'nailer' that uses 22shells.